Diseases & conditions A-Z List
Diseases & Conditions A-Z List - «C»:
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Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver and poor liver function as a result of chronic liver disease.
Causes
Cirrhosis is caused by chronic liver disease. Common causes of chronic liver disease in the United States include:
Hepatitis C infection
Long-term alcohol abuse (see alcoholic liver disease)
O...
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Cirrhosis - discharge
You have cirrhosis of the liver. Your liver is damaged and has become shrunken, firm, and scarred. This happened little by little over many years. Most times, this damage cannot be undone.
While you were in the hospital, you may have had:
Lab tests, x-rays, and other imaging exams
A sample of liver...
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Citric acid urine test
This is a test to measure the amount of citric acid in urine.
How the Test is Performed
A 24-hour urine sample is needed. The health care provider will instruct you, if necessary, to discontinue drugs that may interfere with the test.
On day 1, urinate into the toilet when you get up in the mornin...
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Claw hand
Claw hand is a condition that causes curved or bent fingers. This makes the hand appear like the claw of an animal.
See also: Claw foot
Considerations
Claw hand can be something that someone is born with (congenital) or that they develop because of certain disorders, such as nerve injury.
Causes
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Clean intermittent self-catheterization
Intermittent catheterization is the temporary placement of a catheter (tube) to remove urine from the body. This is usually done by placing the catheter through the urethra (the tube that leads from the bladder to the outside opening) to empty the bladder.
Information
INTERMITTENT CATHETERS:
Some p...
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Cleft lip and palate
Cleft lip and palate are birth defects that affect the upper lip and the roof of the mouth.
Causes
There are many causes for of cleft lip and palate. Problems with genes passed down from one or both parents, drugs, viruses, or other toxins can all cause such birth defects. Cleft lip and palate may ...
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Cleft lip and palate repair
Cleft lip and cleft palate repair is surgery to fix birth defects of the upper lip and palate (roof of the mouth).
Description
A cleft lip is a birth defect:
A cleft lip may be just a small notch in the lip. It may also be a complete split in the lip that goes all the way to the base of the nose.
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Cleft lip and palate repair - discharge
Your child had surgery to repair birth defects that caused a cleft in the upper lip, a cleft palate, or both. Your child had general anesthesia (asleep and not feeling pain) for the surgery.
What to Expect at Home
Your child will have a stuffy nose and may have to breathe through their mouth for th...
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Cleft palate - resources
The following organization is a good resource for information on cleft palate:
American Society of Plastic Surgeons - www.plasticsurgery.org/patients_consumers/index.cfm
Cleft Palate Foundation - www.cleftline.org
Alternative Names
Resources - cleft palate...
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Cleidocranial dysostosis
Cleidocranial dysostosis is a disorder involving the abnormal development of bones in the skull and collar (clavicle) area. The condition is passed down through families (inherited).
Causes
Cleidocranial dysostosis is caused by an abnormal gene. It is passed down through families as an autosomal do...
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Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Treatment with clopidogrel prevents blood clots from forming in your arteries. This medicine helps reduce your risk of stroke or heart attack.
Clopidogrel may be used to:
Prevent or treat heart attacks
Prevent stroke or transient ischemic attacks, or TIAs (early warning signs of stroke also called ...
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Cloudy cornea
A cloudy cornea is a loss of transparency of the cornea.
Causes
The cornea is normally a nearly invisible, clear structure covering the iris of the eye. Its two purposes are to transmit and focus the light entering the eye.
Causes of cloudy cornea include:
Chemical burns to the cornea
Herpetic ker...
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Clubbing of the fingers or toes
Clubbing is a thickening of the flesh under the toenails and fingernails. The nail curves downward, similar to the shape of the round part of an upside-down spoon.
Considerations
Clubbing occurs with a wide number of diseases. It is most often found in heart and lung diseases that cause a lower-tha...
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Clubfoot
Clubfoot is when the foot turns inward and downward. It is a congenital condition, which means it is present at birth.
Causes
Clubfoot is the most common congenital disorder of the legs. It can range from mild and flexible to severe and rigid.
The cause is not known, but the condition may be passed...
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Clubfoot repair
Clubfoot repair is surgery to correct a birth defect of the foot and ankle.
See also: Clubfoot
Description
The type of surgery that is done depends on how serious the deformity is, how old your child is, and what other treatments your child has had.
Your child will have general anesthesia (asleep ...
